The Prevalence and Genetic Factors of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Different Populations A Retrospective Study.

Original Article

Abstract

Background: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, also known as paediatric IBD is an emerging global issue. Their occurrence also greatly differs over the areas, hence genetic, environmental, and socio-economic differences. Both major gene variations affecting NOD2 and IL23R genes indicate genetic susceptibility to the disease and immune response and severity in a variety of populations.

Objectives: the frequency of paediatric IBD in other populations to Canadian children, the research project further compares the genetically predisposed markers with the severity of disease in pediatric subjects.

Study Design: A Retrospective Study.

Place and duration of study. Department of Gastroenterology Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar from January 2019 to July 2020

Methods: 100 P-IBD patients, specifically children, were followed up. Discrete measures were obtained from respondents on demographic features, family history, and disease severity. Targeted genetic testing of NOD2 and IL23R variants were conducted. Descriptive statistics incorporated SD for prevalence fluctuations and p-values for gene-related relationships. Inter regional group comparisons were made.

Results: 100 patients the average age was 12.3 (±2.1) years of age. NOD2 variants were observed in all cases tested and IL23R variants were seen in thirty percent of the patients. This was evident where prevalence varied significantly between North America and Asia only (p < 0.05). Crohn’s disease was higher than ulcerative colitis: 60% and 40%, respectively. Some of these demographics include: Family history came out strongly positive (F = 15.19, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Geographical distribution of paediatric IBD has significant differences and strong association with NOD2 and IL23R polymorphisms. Prompt recognition of patients with genetic profiles related to the diseases can provide a more effective approach to their management, leading to better patient prognosis and lessor disease load.

Keywords: Pediatric IBD, Genetics, Incidence, Races